Japan NRG Weekly 20201130

November 30, 2020

JAPAN NRG WEEKLY

NOVEMBER 30, 2020

 

 

JAPAN NRG WEEKLY

November 30, 2020

 

 

JAPAN NRG WEEKLY

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NEWS: OIL & GAS

IHI trials “blue ammonia” blend to generate electricity

(Nikkan Sangyo Shimbun, Nov. 23)

• In a world-first, engineering company IHI is trialing “blue ammonia”— the material synthesized from natural gas using carbon sequestration technology. It will be blended with natural gas to power a 2 MW gas turbine.
• The trial is being assisted by the Institute of Energy Economics and Saudi Aramco, which will assess the viability of the blue ammonia supply chain.
• Taking place at IHI’s Yokohama plant, the trial will use 36 metric tons of ammonia.
• CONTEXT: Saudi Aramco sent the world’s first shipment of blue ammonia to Japan in September, providing the fuel for this trial. Blue ammonia is known as feedstock for blue hydrogen. Hydrogen and ammonia manufactured with electricity from renewable energy facilities is labeled as “green.”

TAKEAWAY: As discussed in detail in the Japan NRG of Oct. 19, ammonia and hydrogen are seen by Japan as one of the main solutions in decarbonizing the power sector, which is the biggest emitter of CO2. The general idea is to start by blending ammonia / hydrogen with gas and use both to fire the power turbines. The end goal is to switch thermal generation to ammonia or hydrogen only. Provided that hydrogen is at least blue or green, it would allow thermal power to be classified as carbon-neutral.

• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  Mitsubishi Heavy invests in green hydrogen and ammonia business in Australia
  (New Energy Business News, Nov. 30)
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries agreed to invest in H2U Investments, the holding of Hydrogen Utility (H2U), which is an Australian company that develops green hydrogen and ammonia business lines.
• H2U plans to build a hydrogen production plant using water electrolysis and renewable energy-derived electricity, such as offshore wind and solar power. It also plans an ammonia production plant and a hydrogen gas turbine demonstration project on the Eyre Peninsula in south-west Australia. It expects to start producing green hydrogen and ammonia at the end of 2022.
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. will participate in the study from the design specification stage and promote the project with a view to supplying major equipment such as hydrogen gas turbines and hydrogen compressors.
• Future export of green hydrogen and ammonia to Japan and other countries is on the agenda.

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ANA makes first flight with sustainable fuel

(Mainavi News via Yahoo News, Nov. 25)

• All Nippon Airways completed its first flight powered by biofuel, making it the first Asian airline to do so.
• The flight, a delivery of a Boeing 787 from the American manufacturer’s Everett factory to Narita Airport, was powered by Neste MY sustainable aviation fuel.

TAKEAWAY: In the Nov. 9 edition of Japan NRG, we detailed the efforts of ANA to secure what is known as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The airliner has signed contracts with at least three potential suppliers of biofuel and is working to meet global aviation regulations that seek decarbonization for the industry.

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Tokyo Gas invests ¥10 billion in Indonesian CNG industry

(Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Nov. 27)

• Tokyo Gas said on Nov. 26 that it had acquired a 33.4% stake in Super Energy, a subsidiary of Super Capital Indonesia, and an 18% stake in Super Energy subsidiary Energy Mina Abadi.
• The purchase is valued at around ¥10 billion and represents the largest ever investment in an overseas gas utility by a Japanese company.
• Super Energy supplies 50 million cubic meters of CNG every year, but the company plans to eventually increase this amount to 250 million cubic meters.
• CONTEXT: This is the fifth overseas investment into a gas distribution firm by Tokyo Gas. The company opened an office in Indonesia in 2015 and has been looking to expand aggressively in the local market due to its fast demand growth for natural gas.

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Idemitsu to integrate gasoline stations branding

(Nikkei, Nov. 25)

• Beginning in April, Idemitsu Kosan will rebrand all of its service stations using the “apollostation” brand.
• Since absorbing Showa Shell in 2019, Idemitsu’s network of 6,400 gasoline service stations has been characterized by mixed branding, with some using the face of Apollo, the Greek god of the sun and light, and others the red and yellow “Shell” logo.

 

 

NEWS: POWER & NUCLEAR

Source: Company websites, JANSI and JAIF, as of Nov. 25, 2020

 

Kawasaki Heavy engineering giant says it will sell all nuclear operations

(SankeiBiz, Nov. 25)

• Since Kawasaki Heavy Industries announced on Nov. 24 the sale of its nuclear power operations to Tokyo-based Atox for an undisclosed sum.
• Kawasaki does not disclose how much revenue it earns from nuclear operations.
• While Kawasaki provides design and maintenance services to the nuclear industry, its offerings are uncompetitive. Kawasaki will now focus on the hydrogen sector, which is projected to grow.
• Kawasaki Heavy Industries began serving the nuclear power industry in 1969. Kawasaki equipment has been used in many nuclear power stations, including Japan’s first commercial nuclear power station, the Tokai station.
• CONTEXT: Atox began life as a maintenance firm for nuclear facilities and is now an integrated engineering company, dealing both in a broad range of nuclear services, including fuel reprocessing, and in medical equipment related to radiology. The company has offices adjacent to most nuclear power plants in Japan.

TAKEAWAY: At first glance, this is the story of another famous Japanese engineering brand giving up on the nuclear business, joining Toshiba, IHI, and others. Another way to look at it, however, is as a transfer of nuclear assets away from listed companies to private firms that face less scrutiny from the public and the investment community, and which have less pressure on short-term earnings. For a listed firm like Kawasaki Heavy, it’s more profitable to deliver investors a growth narrative around hydrogen as the company pioneers ships to transport the fuel. This does not necessarily mean the future of the nuclear business is over. Still, it is also true that spending on nuclear plant upgrades in Japan is down (-5% during fiscal 2019 versus a year earlier). The initial spurt of investment by the power utilities to upgrade NPPs so that they can be restarted is over and there is little compulsion for the plant operators to keep spending unless more NPPs come online. While Japan’s nuclear industry, for now, retains its staff and resources, the vast majority of the people involved see the outlook as “bad”, according to a recent survey by the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Inc (JAIF). What the same survey showed was that the Japanese nuclear industry wants clear direction and support from the government in order to continue. The unveiling of the new Japan energy mix target around spring will show whether Kawasaki Heavy’s decision was justified.

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Grid oversight entity told to become more independent, draw distance with utilities

(Japan NRG, Nov. 29)

• CONTEXT: The electricity grid is overseen by a private entity rather than a regulatory authority. The Organization for Cross Regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) is, however, enshrined in the Electricity Business Act and has the authority over the transmission grid across the private utilities’ respective operational areas. OCCTO also coordinates power supply and demand nationwide, and promotes the construction of infrastructure to move electricity across Japan’s various separate grid systems. OCCTO was set up in 2015 and took over from the Electric Power System Council of Japan.
• A working group at OCCTO turned in its assessment of the entity’s activities and this was published by METI.
• The group suggested that OCCTO appoints an audit firm to conduct annual reviews and reduce its seconded staff from power utilities to assure neutrality, among other recommendations.

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Takahama Unit 4 restart delayed by over a month on finding faults

(Nikkei, Nov. 27)

• The Kansai Electric Power Companies said on Nov. 25 that cracks had been found in four pipes connected to the steam generator of Unit 4 at the Takahama Nuclear Power Plant (NPP).
• Anomalies suggested during preliminary testing were confirmed by camera inspection.
• Further inspections are now required, meaning the restarting of the reactor, initially scheduled for January, will be delayed by at least a month.
• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  Takahama NPP wins locals support as 40+ age limit of reactors extended
  (Nikkei, Nov. 25)
  • The government of Takahama, the town where the Takahama nuclear power station is located, agreed on October 25 to allow the plant’s oldest two reactors to be restarted (Units 1 and 2), a nationwide first for reactors aged over 40.
  • Japanese law allows reactors to operate for an additional 20 years after the end of their 40-year design life if they are deemed to be safe.
  • CONTEXT: To achieve the government target of procuring at least 20% of the nation’s electricity from nuclear facilities by 2030-31, 90% of the country’s 35 operable reactors (this figure includes units still under construction) would need to be operating by 2030.

TAKEAWAY: As Japan NRG forecast earlier this month in our nuclear reactor status table, Takahama NPP’s Unit 1 will not be generating electricity until March and unit 2 not until late May or June. With Unit 4 also now delayed until around March, Kansai Electric is coming to a make-or-break moment. If the local support the company gained at the municipality level in Takahama is repeated at the prefectural government level, then it will be able to have all four units of Takahama NPP, as well as its Mihama NPP and Ohi NPP, all online and generating electricity by the summer of 2021. This would drastically change the company’s profit and its CO2 emissions levels, as we described in the Nov. 16 Japan NRG edition. The problem, however, is that to date the comments from prefectural level have been hostile. We expect intense lobbying on nuclear over the next few months.

• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  Shikoku Electric says ruling on restart of Ikata NPP may come by March
  (Asahi Shimbun, Nov. 25)
  • Co. said on Nov. 24 that it will go ahead with works to add plant upgrades based on new counterterrorism regulations even without a final decision in its court proceedings over the restart of the Ikata NPP Unit 3 still ongoing.
  • Co. said it expects to hear a ruling from the Hiroshima High Court in March. If the utility wins the case, it still needs to complete the plant upgrades before the nuclear reactor can restart operations.
  • CONTEXT: the utility’s operations of the NPP was frozen by a court ruling at the start of 2020 based on citizen concerns over safety.

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One-trillion-yen bill for decommissioning of Tokaimura nuclear fuel plant

(Mainichi Shimbun, Nov. 23)

• While the Tokaimura reprocessing plant, which was operated by Japan Nuclear Fuel until 2007, was only operational for 25 years, the decommissioning of the plant is projected to take over seventy years and cost over ¥1 trillion.
• The plant was built to reprocess high-level nuclear waste as part of a “recycling” policy promoted by the government at the time.

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Nuclear Regulator’s top-secret documents “unlikely” to have been accessed but system remains shut down

(Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 27)

• The police investigation into last month’s cyberattack on Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority revealed that the intruders got access to undisclosed meeting materials. Who is behind the attack is not yet known.
• According to the police investigation, the attackers got access to a system used to send and receive emails of the agency’s 1,200 staff and to shared business files. Private meeting notes and accounting materials, such as instructional documents, and government information security standards were stored in those areas.
• However, the attack on Nov. 26 did not compromise the top-secret materials such as nuclear power plant blueprints and crisis management systems, which are stored in a separate system. It is “unlikely” that the intruders got access to those materials.
• The full extent of the damage and the manner of the intrusion is still not known. As of this month, the system has remained shut off, and regulatory officials have been unable to access the internet or external emails, and have been communicating by phone or fax.

TAKEAWAY: Apart from the obvious security concerns that such a cyber-attack raises, the question for the nuclear industry will be how well the NRA can continue to do its job and whether there will be any delays in ongoing plant restart assessments due to agency staff not having access to their usual work systems.

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Local politicians push METI to prompt J-Power to upgrade coal power plant

(Nagasaki Shimbun, Nov. 20)

• Nagasaki Deputy Governor Hirata Ken visited the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on Nov. 19, along with the mayors of three cities in the prefecture, to request the replacement of Units 1 and 2 at the Matsushima coal-fired power station, which is operated by J-Power.
• The four politicians presented METI official Ando Hisayoshi with a letter that stressed their strong desire for action. A J-Power spokesperson said on Oct. 30 that the utility is considering replacing the units.
• The local bodies have asked that the older units are replaced with integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology, which is more efficient and less pollutant. There is also concern about the future of the 500 workers employed at the plants.

TAKEAWAY: Japan has said it will phase out inefficient coal-fired power plants by 2030 to cut CO2 emissions. This move by local politicians is a way to preserve the power plant and the jobs there by switching it to more efficient thermal generation, which would pass the new METI criteria.

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Despite reassurances, concerns remain about Fukushima contaminated water release

(Mainichi Shimbun, Nov. 26)

• In an October Diet hearing, Abe Tomoko, a Diet member affiliated with a nonpartisan group of politicians that lobbies to end nuclear power, asked Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry officials about the effect of tritium (a radioactive isotope of hydrogen) on the environment, and called for data to be published on how much tritium specifically was being discharged into the sea.
• While a decontamination system operated by TEPCO is able to reduce the concentration of strontium and other radioactive isotopes contained in contaminated water at the reactor site, it is not able to remove tritium.
• METI responded by saying that even if the entire 860 trillion Becquerel of tritium currently stored in tanks at the reactor site were to be released over the course of a year, it would amount to less than 1/1000th of natural background radiation.
• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  Fukushima 10 years on: we look at the radiation levels in Tokyo Bay
  (Tokyo Shimbun, Nov. 25)
  • Periodic testing of core samples taken in Tokyo Bay and the Hanami River have found that levels of radioactive cesium 134, which has a relatively short half-life, are now 30 times lower than they were immediately after the accident.
  • Most of the radioactive cesium detected in core samples now comprises cesium 137, which has a half-life of 30 years. While radioactive cesium levels fell rapidly in the years after the accident, the curve is now more gradual.
  • Results show that seabed contamination extends to a depth of at least 35 cm.

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TEPCO subscribers complain about the utility’s sudden move to paperless billing

(Toyo Keizai, Nov. 25)

• TEPCO abruptly phased out physical power bills in December, in a move designed solely to suit itself. Subscribers only received one warning of the change, in October, and many overlooked this notice, only to receive a shock as December approaches. Even TEPCO’s website contains little helpful information.
• Many subscribers have taken to social media to criticize the change, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s consumer protection center has also received many complaints.

NEWS: RENEWABLES & OTHERS

Japan proposes creation of Asia CCUS Network to share know-how on carbon capture

(Japan NRG, Nov. 29)

• Japan took part in the energy ministers’ meeting of the ASEAN+3, also known as the East Asia Summit (EAS). The meeting, which was held online for the first time, was attended by 10 ASEAN countries, as well as representatives from Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, India, New Zealand, Russia, and the U.S. Japan’s delegation was led by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Kajiyama. Below comes from the joint statement, as published by METI.
• Japan’s research projects through the Distributed Generation Initiative, as well as efforts to realize decarbonization of the hydrogen and transportation sectors, were welcomed by other ASEAN ministers.
• Japan also proposed construction of the “Asia CCUS Network” as a platform for sharing knowledge and improving the environment for the utilization of CCUS throughout the region, and each country welcomed it.

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Lithium-ion battery maker and rare-earths firm among winners of state subsidies for supply chain resilience

(Japan NRG, Nov. 29)

• List of subsidies published by METI. Japan vowed to increase support for industries vital to the supply chain after the COVID-19 pandemic cut supplies from overseas companies.
• Medical and healthcare goods manufacturers, including makers of masks and alcohol disinfectant dominate the list.
• Envision AESC Japan Co., Ltd. won state support for its lithium-ion battery business.
• Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. won subsidies for making products from rare earth materials.

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NEDO announces extraordinary green technology grants for energy-saving

(New Energy Business News, Nov. 25)

• The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization says it will fund 11 new projects to conduct further research into energy-saving technologies.
• The additional projects were selected on an emergency basis in response to the changes in society and industry brought about by the coronavirus pandemic.
• Mabuchi Engineering received a grant to research low-cost electricity generation systems that apply scroll compressor technology.
• U-MAP will develop new thermo-conducting materials that will enable power modules to be installed more densely.
• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  NEDO to fund CRIEPI, Osaka Gas to develop sequestration technologies
  (New Energy Business News, Nov. 27)
  • NEDO is funding the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry to develop CO2 recovery polygeneration technologies that work with a diverse range of fuels.
  • NEDO will also fund an Osaka Gas/JCOAL projects to develop CO2 separation and recovery technology.
  • A total of ¥3 billion will be allocated to the projects.
  • The projects aim to boost efficiency by integrating the gasification, separation, and recovery processes.

TAKEAWAY: NEDO investments can be seen as a precursor to commercialization of a technology in Japan. Not all the projects that the state-backed entity supports make the cut, but it does give a useful indication of what policies are in favor and which are progressing towards mass utilization.

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Nissan’s new hybrid spells beginning of the end of gasoline-engine

(Asia Nikkei, Nov. 26)

• Nissan unveiled a revamp of its bestselling car in Japan, the Note, and said it will be available only as a hybrid.
• Unlike the hybrid technology of Toyota, which uses both electric and gasoline power to run the engine, Nissan’s hybrid technology uses the gasoline engine only to generate electricity. Nissan’s motor is electric-powered, which makes it closer to an EV.
• Nissan executives said at the launch that the company will focus all resources on electrification. This begins the phase-out of the internal-combustion engine and the race by Nissan to bring down EV costs to that of gasoline cars.
• The new Note goes 60% further on a tank of gas than the current gasoline version.
• Nissan wants the ratio of EVs and hybrids to be 60% of all vehicles its sells in Japan within three years. In China, the carmaker will switch all models to EV or hybrid.

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Toshiba develops world’s first nonflammable lithium-ion battery

(New Energy Business News, Nov. 24)

• In a world-first, Toshiba has developed a rechargeable, water-based lithium-ion battery that can operate at temperatures as low as -30°C.
• Toshiba’s battery contains no flammable substances, allowing it to be used in a wider range of applications than conventional lithium-ion batteries.
• Each cell in the battery is capable of developing 2.4 V. This is still lower than the 3.7 V achieved by conventional cells.

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Tokyo Gas joins Chiba offshore wind project

(New Energy Business News, Nov. 26)

• Tokyo Gas has joined the Chiba offshore wind project established by Canadian renewables firm Northland Power and Shizen Energy Inc.
• To make the windfarm project possible, a team of 30 staff from the two companies is working to have the area off the coast of Chiba classified as a redevelopment area by the local government.
• CONTEXT: Tokyo Gas has a goal of having 5 GW of renewable generation capacity worldwide by 2030.
• SIDE DEVELOPMENT:
  Tokyo Gas invests in U.S. distributed energy startup Heila Technologies
  (Company press release, Nov. 20)
  • Acario Investment One, a unit of Tokyo Gas, made the investment.
  • Heila Technologies develops and sells integrated DER (Distributed Energy Resources) control systems for energy micro-grids.
  • Tokyo Gas said the investment will help it acquire expertise in supply and demand adjustment and operations through the integrated control of DERs, and will allow the company to develop new energy businesses, such as micro-grids that utilize DERs, in Japan and abroad.
  • CONTEXT: This is the fourth investment by Tokyo Gas in an overseas start-up.

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Solar panel shipments drop 22% in Japan during July-Sept. due to the pandemic

(Nikkei Shimbun, Nov. 27)

• Figures released by the Japan Solar Power Association show a drop in both the panels for larger projects and rooftop units. The biggest demand drop came from SMEs, which have been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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JERA trials storage batteries to encourage renewables use

(Nikkei, Nov. 25)

• JERA, a joint venture between TEPCO and the Chubu Electric, said on Nov. 25 that it had commenced a trial to analyze utilization of storage batteries by commercial customers.
• The trial will take place in a manufacturing plant in Aichi prefecture.
• During the trial, JERA will publicize information on the times of the day during which battery capacity is at a surplus, and make proposals to its commercial clients about ways to make smarter use of electricity.

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Residents of Japan’s most nuclear-heavy area are skeptical about premise of wind power

(Fukui Shimbun, Nov. 24)

• A recent feature on an offshore windfarm plan for Fukui has generated a skeptical response from Fukui Shimbun readers, who doubt that renewables will be able to replace Fukui’s aging nuclear power plants.
• The proposed wind farm would radically change the skyline, as the turbines could be as high as 260 m, which is three times higher than Fukui’s tallest building.
• Two proposals are currently being considered, one from Hokuriku Electric Power, Chubu Electric Power and OSCF, and the other from J-Power and Mitsui Fudosan.
• CONTEXT: Fukui has the biggest concentration of nuclear power plants of all Japanese prefectures. It is home to all of Kansai Electric’s nuclear facilities.

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ENEOS issues green bonds to finance biomass power plant in Hokkaido

(Sekiyu Tsushin, Nov. 27)

• ENEOS Holdings said on Nov. 25 that it was issuing a third tranche of unsecured green bonds to finance a biomass fired power plant to be constructed in Hokkaido.
• A total of ¥15 billion worth of bonds will be issued in denominations of ¥100 million. The bonds pay interest of 0.02% and mature on Dec. 1, 2023.

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Work begins on 50MW Kamisu biomass power station

(Kensetsu Tsushin Shimbun, Nov. 27)

• Kamisu Biomass Hatsudensho GK, a joint venture between the Chubu Electric, Mitsubishi UFJ Lease, Solariant Capital, and Biofuel Co., began work on the construction of its Kamisu Biomass power plant on Nov. 25.
• The contract to build the station has gone to a venture between Hitachi Zosen and Okamuragumi.
• The 50 MW plant will be fueled by palm kernels.

 

ANALYSIS

 

ANALYSIS

Energy Measures Due to Receive Support in the Next Budget

(Based on Environmental Ministry requests)

Item	Requested Budget
Special measures in energyThe above is split into four main areas1) building “resilient and comfortable communities and lifestyles through decarbonization” 2) “accelerating technological innovation for decarbonization” 3) “realizing a virtuous cycle of green finance and corporate decarbonization, and creating socio-economic system innovation.” 4) supporting the decarbonization of developing countries through the promotion of the bilateral credit system (JCM) and verification of emissions by satellite.	¥225.4 billion
Building resilience through decarbonization and carbon-neutral business promotion	¥138.4 billion
Of which, support for PPAs	¥18.6 billion
Accelerating innovation	¥41.4 billion
Green finance	¥21.8 billion
International efforts, promotion of Japanese tech abroad	¥23.3 billion

Source: Ministry of the Environment

 

GLOBAL VIEW

BY TOM O’SULLIVAN

Below are some of last week’s most important international developments monitored by the Japan NRG team because of their potential to impact energy supply and demand, as well as prices. We see the following as relevant to Japanese and international energy investors.

DATA

Domestic Fuel Sales

SOURCES: the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), Ministry of Finance, and the Petroleum Association of Japan

SOURCES: the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI),
Ministry of Finance

SOURCES: the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI), and the Japan Electric Power Exchange

JAPAN NRG WEEKLY NOVEMBER 30, 2020 JAPAN NRG WEEKLY November 30, 2020 NEWS TOP IHI blends “blue” ammonia with natural gas to generate electricity as Japan looks for decarbonization options…